It’s a very good thing that the general population is more informed than ever about mental health issues. An offshoot of this growing awareness is less stigma around the topic of medications. More and more people are accepting the need for a wide range of treatment options. This, of course, includes both antidepressant and anti-anxiety medications.
If you’ve been told that you need meds, it’s time to get busy — very busy — with self-education. An informed patient can significantly reduce the stress and risk of being treated for depression or anxiety. For example, it is absolutely essential that you understand all the possible side effects.
Antidepressant meds present common potential side effects like insomnia, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, sexual problems (reduced desire, erectile dysfunction, etc.), increased appetite, weight gain, fatigue, and drowsiness. For anti-anxiety meds, many of the above side effects are also possible. In addition: dizziness, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, weight fluctuations, headache, and drowsiness.
Antidepressant Medications
1. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs work by blocking the reabsorption of two neurotransmitters (serotonin and norepinephrine) into the brain. Making these two chemicals more available to the brain can regulate mood and thus, relieve depression. Common SNRIs include Pristiq, Fetzima, and Effexor XR.
2. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
As the name suggests, SSRIs are designed to block the re-uptake of only serotonin, but not norepinephrine. SSRIs, in general, have fewer side effects and are thus the first choice for many prescribing doctors. Common SSRIs include Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft.
3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
The first type of antidepressant to be developed, an MAOI works in a similar manner as the above two entries. But, due to dietary restrictions and more common side effects, MAOIs are rarely used today. Common MAOIs include Marplan, Nardil, and Emsam.
4. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
TCAs work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also block the action of another neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. Common TCAs include Norpramin, Tofranil, Pamelor, and Vivactil.
5. Noradrenaline and specific serotoninergic antidepressants (NaSSAs)
NaSSAs also work by blocking the re-uptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Common NaSSAs include Wellbutrin and Effexor.
Anti-Anxiety Medications
1. Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines work by impacting neurotransmitters but it’s essential to find out how the various benzodiazepines differ. Each of them starts working at different rates, can last longer than others, and are prescribed for very different forms of anxiety. Common benzodiazepines include Valium, Halcion, and Xanax.
2. Buspirone
Buspirone is actually a water-soluble white crystalline powder. It is typically for short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. It commonly goes by the name Buspar.
3. Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine (known as Vistaril) is a medication with several uses, including the treatment of anxiety. Effects occur quickly but hydroxyzine is not habit forming.
4. Beta-Blockers
Beta-blockers are usually associated with the treatment of high blood pressure and heart problems. But they can also provide relief for the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Common beta-blockers include Sectral, Zebeta, Inderal, and Lopressor.
(Note: Some antidepressant medications are prescribed for anxiety. These crossover choices usually include both SNRIs and SSRIs.)
The Importance of Therapy
Finally, more often than not, the path toward medication coincides with therapy. Working with a counselor is an ideal scenario for recognizing the initial need for medication. It can take a little time to identify specific conditions. Once this has been accomplished, you and your therapist may agree that you need complementary care. She or he will guide you on the important journey of seeking anti-anxiety or antidepressant medication.
From diagnosis to adjustments to side effects and eventual cessation, you are not alone. Your recovery is a team effort.
For further information, please take a look at my Individual Counseling specialty page. If you’d like help sooner rather than later, please feel free to contact me by phone or email to discuss how we can reach your goals as quickly and effectively as possible.
I look forward to the possibility of working with you as your journey continues.
Phil LeBlanc
